Acetazolamide

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What is Acetazolamide?

Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor primarily used to prevent and treat altitude sickness, reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma, and manage certain types of seizures and fluid retention. It works by blocking an enzyme involved in fluid and acid-base balance throughout the body—in the kidneys, eyes, and brain. For altitude sickness, it accelerates the body's acclimatization process by altering the breathing drive and blood chemistry. It's taken orally, with dosing depending significantly on which condition is being treated.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibition

Blocks the carbonic anhydrase enzyme, altering bicarbonate handling in the kidneys and other tissues—producing effects on fluid balance, intraocular pressure, and respiratory drive depending on where it acts.

Altitude acclimatization

Stimulates faster and deeper breathing by creating a mild metabolic acidosis, helping the body adjust to lower oxygen levels at high altitude more quickly and reducing the headache, nausea, and fatigue of acute mountain sickness.

Intraocular pressure reduction

Decreases production of aqueous humor in the eye, lowering pressure inside the eye—making it a useful option for managing glaucoma, particularly when eye drops alone aren't sufficient.

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