Why Can’t I Poop? Causes & How to Get Relief

Key takeaways:

• Occasional constipation is common, but persistent issues may need more attention.
• Constipation can have multiple causes, from diet to lifestyle habits.
• Knowing when to seek help is essential for managing discomfort and preventing potential health risks.

We’ve all been there: you feel like you need to go, but nothing happens. Not being able to poop, formally known as constipation, is a common issue that impacts people of all ages at some point. For some, it might be an occasional frustration, while for others, it’s a more frequent discomfort. But why does this happen, and what can you do about it?

In this article, we’ll break down the basics of constipation, including symptoms, possible causes, and some straightforward relief options. We’ll also cover when to check in with a doctor. Ready to learn more about getting your digestive system back on track? Let’s dive in.

Definition of constipation

Constipation typically refers to having fewer than three bowel movements in a week, with stools that are often hard, dry, and difficult to pass. This can lead to discomfort, bloating, and a feeling that you haven’t fully emptied your bowels.

Occasional constipation can happen for various reasons and usually resolves with a few simple lifestyle changes. Chronic constipation, on the other hand, can persist over weeks or even longer, and it may require medical attention to determine the underlying cause.

Symptoms of constipation

Constipation doesn’t look the same for everyone, but here are some of the most common signs:

Infrequent bowel movements

Going less than three times a week may indicate constipation, especially if this changes your usual pattern.

Straining during bowel movements

If you find yourself pushing hard every time you go to the bathroom, this could be a sign that your stool is too hard or dry, often a hallmark of constipation.

Hard or lumpy stools

Passing dry stools that come out in small, hard pieces is a common symptom of constipation and can make going to the bathroom more uncomfortable.

Bloating and discomfort

Constipation can make your abdomen feel swollen or full, causing bloating, ranging from mildly uncomfortable to quite painful.

Feeling of incomplete emptying

Even after a bowel movement, you may feel like there’s more stool left to pass. This feeling of being “not quite done” is another typical sign of constipation.

Health risks associated with constipation

While occasional constipation is usually just uncomfortable, chronic constipation can lead to health complications over time. One of the most common risks involves straining, which puts pressure on the blood vessels in the rectal area. Over time, this pressure can lead to hemorrhoids—swollen blood vessels that can cause pain, itching, and even bleeding.

Hemorrhoids are a common result of repeated straining and can make each bowel movement increasingly uncomfortable. Left untreated, they may require specific medical treatments, so it’s best to address constipation before it reaches this stage. Another potential health risk associated with long-term constipation is the development of anal fissures. Fissures are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard or large stools. These tears can cause pain during bowel movements and, in some cases, lead to bleeding.

Chronic constipation may also contribute to a condition called fecal impaction, where stool becomes so hardened that it’s nearly impossible to pass naturally. Impaction usually requires medical intervention to avoid possibly serious complications, such as infection or bowel obstruction. Overall, while occasional constipation is often harmless, persistent symptoms can pose risks that make it worth addressing early.

Causes of constipation

Constipation can be caused by various factors, from dietary habits to lifestyle choices and even certain health conditions. Here are some of the most common causes:

Low fiber intake

A diet low in fiber is one of the leading causes of constipation. Fiber helps add bulk to stools, making them easier to pass.

Without enough fiber from foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, stools can become hard, dry, and difficult to move through the digestive tract.

Dehydration

Water is essential for healthy digestion, and when the body is dehydrated, it draws water from the colon, making stools harder and more challenging to pass.

Not drinking enough water or losing fluids due to heat, exercise, or illness can contribute to constipation.

Sedentary lifestyle

Regular physical activity promotes good digestion, as movement stimulates the muscles in the intestines to help move food through the digestive system.

When someone leads a sedentary lifestyle, these muscles may not work as efficiently, resulting in slower bowel movements and constipation.

Medication side effects

Certain medications can lead to constipation as a side effect. Common culprits include pain relievers, especially opioids, antacids containing calcium or aluminum, antidepressants, and some blood pressure medications.

If constipation starts after beginning a new medication, this might be the cause.

Ignoring the urge to go

Ignoring the body’s natural urge to have a bowel movement can lead to constipation.

When stool sits in the colon for too long, it can become drier and harder to pass. Regularly holding in bowel movements can lead to a pattern of constipation over time.

Underlying medical conditions

Certain health conditions can contribute to constipation. Hypothyroidism, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and neurological conditions like Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis can slow down digestion and lead to more frequent constipation.

If constipation becomes chronic, a healthcare provider may investigate these or other conditions.

Read our guides on different types of stool, stool colors, and healthy vs. unhealthy stool for more.

Treatments for constipation

While occasional constipation is usually harmless, chronic constipation can lead to other health complications:

At-home remedies

For mild or occasional constipation, simple changes at home can often provide relief:

• Increase fiber intake: Eating more fiber-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes can add bulk to your stool, making it easier to pass. Try gradually adding foods like apples, oats, and leafy greens to avoid bloating.
• Stay hydrated: Drinking enough water each day helps soften stools, preventing them from becoming too dry and hard to pass. Aim for at least eight glasses of water daily, but adjust as needed based on your activity level and climate.
• Regular physical activity: Exercise helps stimulate digestion. A brisk walk or gentle stretching can encourage your intestines to move stool along, making it easier to go.

Over-the-counter laxatives

If home remedies aren’t providing relief, over-the-counter (OTC) laxatives can be helpful in some cases:

• Stool softeners: Products like docusate sodium work by drawing water into the stool, making it softer and easier to pass. Stool softeners are generally mild and are intended for short-term use.
• Stimulant laxatives: Options like bisacodyl and senna help trigger bowel movements by stimulating the intestines. These are usually effective within a few hours but should be used sparingly to avoid dependency.

Establish a bathroom routine

Creating a regular bathroom routine can also help prevent constipation over time. Here’s how you can establish a consistent routine:

• Set a consistent time: Try sitting on the toilet at the same time each day, preferably after a meal. This can help train your body to develop a more predictable rhythm.
• Relax: Allow yourself to sit comfortably and without rushing. Sometimes, taking a few deep breaths or practicing a little relaxation can make a big difference in helping your body “go.”

Read our tips on making yourself pass a bowel movement for more.

When to see a doctor about constipation

While occasional constipation is common, there are times when you should seek medical advice.

You should see a doctor if:

• Constipation lasts for more than a week or sooner if it is accompanied by additional symptoms.
• You experience severe abdominal discomfort or bloating.
• There’s a small amount of blood in your stool, especially if it’s a recurring issue.

You should go to the emergency room if:

• There’s a moderate amount of blood in your stool.
• If you are also experiencing nausea and vomiting along with constipation.
• You have severe abdominal or rectal pain that doesn’t go away.
• You’re experiencing signs of dehydration, such as dizziness or rapid heartbeat, along with constipation.

Questions to ask your doctor about constipation

If you decide to see a doctor about your constipation, here are a few questions that may help guide your conversation:

• Could my diet or lifestyle be contributing to my constipation?
• Are there any over-the-counter medications or supplements you recommend for relief?
• What tests might help determine the cause of my constipation?
• Could any of my current medications be impacting my bowel movements?

Frequently asked questions: constipation

Here are some answers to common questions people have about constipation:

What if you feel like you have to poop, but it won’t come out?

That sensation of needing to go but not being able to fully empty is known as incomplete evacuation, and it’s quite common. This frustrating feeling is often due to hard or dry stool that’s difficult to pass, making it seem like there’s still more that needs to come out. Adding more fiber to your diet can help soften stools over time, making them easier to pass.

Foods like oatmeal, berries, and leafy greens are great choices for this. Staying well-hydrated is also essential because water works with fiber to keep things moving smoothly. Sometimes, gentle physical activity, such as a short walk, can also help stimulate your digestive system. If this sensation happens frequently or doesn’t improve with these changes, consult a healthcare provider who may recommend targeted treatments or exercises to support your digestive health.

What if you can’t poop, even after taking laxatives?

Taking an over-the-counter laxative and still finding no relief can be frustrating and even a bit concerning.

If laxatives aren’t working, there may be an underlying issue, such as dehydration, a lack of dietary fiber, or an underlying health condition affecting your digestive system. Sometimes, it could also mean that a different type of laxative may be more effective for your needs.

For example, stimulant laxatives encourage bowel movement by stimulating the intestines, while osmotic laxatives draw water into the colon. But if you’ve tried a couple of options and still haven’t had any success, it’s best to reach out to a doctor.

Persistent constipation may require a prescription medication, like a stronger laxative, or further testing to determine if something more serious is affecting your digestion. A healthcare provider can help you find a safe and effective solution.

What if you haven’t pooped in a week but feel fine?

If it’s been a week without a bowel movement, but you’re not experiencing discomfort, bloating, or any other symptoms, you may simply have a naturally slower digestive rhythm. Some people go less frequently than others, and for them, this may be within a normal range. However, if this is a recent change from your usual routine, you should monitor it.

Even if you feel fine, long stretches without a bowel movement can increase the likelihood of issues down the line, like hardened stools that are difficult to pass.

To help maintain regularity, you could try adding a bit more fiber and water to your diet to see if it encourages more frequent bowel movements. If the pattern continues or you start experiencing symptoms, checking in with your doctor can provide reassurance and ensure everything is working as it should.

Managing constipation

Constipation can be an uncomfortable experience, but for most people, it’s temporary and manageable with simple lifestyle changes. Maintaining good hydration, eating a fiber-rich diet, and staying active are all key to preventing and relieving constipation. However, if constipation becomes a frequent issue or is accompanied by other symptoms, reaching out to a healthcare provider can help you get the relief you need.

Taking care of your digestive health doesn’t have to be complicated. By tuning into your body’s signals and making a few proactive changes, you can keep things moving smoothly and feel your best.

General Medicine follows a strict editorial process, including using real experts to write our articles, vetted primary sources, fact-checking, a secondary medical review, and updates as necessary. This article was medically reviewed and fact checked by Dr. Pallabi Sanyal-Dey, MD.

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